18
Deconstructing the Issue
eMachines Training Department

 

Introduction
 
Why we need to take the issue apart
Fixing a computer is much like fixing anything else there are many possible problems and many possible solutions. The only way to troubleshoot something effectively is to mentally take the issue apart and understand the individual components that make up the issue. For example think of a car. It is made up of an engine, running gears, frame and other major components. If a car was having difficulty stopping it’s unlikely you’d look at the motor to see what is wrong. To properly identify the problem you must identify the components responsible for a specific behavior, in our example above, the components that are involved in the braking system are the tires, brake pads, brake lines etc.
 
Method for Taking Things Apart
 
How to determine where to start
At a high level, all potential issues are the fault of the hardware or software. Our primary goal at the start of a call is to determine which of these two categories the customer’s problem falls into. This is where generic probing questions become important. If they add a piece of software and a CD-RW drive stops working its more likely to be a software issue than a hardware issue. .If at first you are unable to determine if the customers issue is software or hardware, it is a safe assumption that the cause is software because software issues are far more common than hardware. This is also recommended because hardware issues are significantly more expensive to fix. Remember that replacing hardware will not fix a software issue, any more than replacing software will resolve a hardware issue.
 
Always start with changes the customer has made or anything significant that happened before the customer noticed the problem. At times when we ask the customer when the problem started, the customer may expand further back into the history of the computer than we may want. When this happens we need to politely focus the customer on what is currently happening and troubleshoot the issue at hand.
 
Asking questions to narrow down possible problems
If a customer cannot give us a clear answer on a question see if they can find the answer. For example many parents will buy a computer specifically for their child and never use it themselves. The child will have a problem but is unable to call us so they ask their parents call us but unfortunately have no idea what the actual problem is. In this kind of a situation we need to have the parent ask the child the questions. In Another example the customer complains of an error message but doesn’t currently have it on their screen. We cannot troubleshoot an error message without knowing exactly what it states. In a situation like this we may ask the customer to do whatever they normally did to bring up the error message or we would check the computer’s “Event Log” for the exact error message.
 
We cannot always ask close-ended questions. Sometimes we need to prompt the customer to tell us the entire story of what happens rather than just a simple yes or no question. Asking questions such as “Has it ever worked?” and “Does the problem only happen when you (do whatever they are doing to create it)”. Will help us narrow down the problem from what they might be doing to something else that might be causing the problem.
 
Simplifying the Issue
 
Removing Variables
It is easy to confuse removing variables with the process of elimination. Removing variables is the process of determining what components are involved with the process. In the earlier example we discussed the problem of a car not stopping correctly. In this example we can assume:

 
Relevant Components             Irrelevant Components
Tires                                   Engine
Brake Pads                           Air conditioner
Brake Lines                          Seat belt
 
 
When removing variables you develop a mental list similar to the list above, we know that anything that falls into the irrelevant component list is not part of the problem and we don’t need to spend any valuable time testing irrelevant components.
 
Process of Elimination
The process of elimination can only happen if you have developed a list of relevant and irrelevant components as discussed above. Once you have developed the relevant list, you will begin eliminating components until you are left with the failing component. If we continue the example from above, we have determined the relevant components are the car’s tires, brake pads and brake lines. We would begin with the components that are the simplest to test. In this example the car’s tires are very easy to check. If we determine the tires are the issue you would recommend the customer replace the tires, if we determine the tires are in working order, we would move on to the brake pads and so on.
 
When working with the process of elimination it is very important that you work on the components that are the most likely to fail, and the components that are the easiest to test first. A valid test only tests the component that you want to address. If a test relies on other components it is likely that you have not found the simplest test. For instance the HyperTerminal test is a very common test on the floor and is an excellent test for checking the modem without worrying about the dial up networking settings or dialing rules. However in order for the HyperTerminal test to be run the modem must be communicating with the motherboard. This indicates that the HyperTerminal test is not the first test to be run, you must test the connection between the motherboard and the modem. The “Query Modem” or “More Info” are excellent tests for the connection.